Garnet Overview

Natural garnet is a group with equiaxed crystal structure, aluminum complex physical properties and chemical composition similar to the floorboard of silicate minerals (calcium); usually garnet Mineral chemical formula X3Y2 (SiO4) 3, where X is probably the two price of calcium, iron and magnesium or manganese, and Y on behalf of trivalent aluminum, chromium, titanium or iron; The English name garnet may refer to Punica granatum (pomegranate, because this mineral pomegranate) and pomegranate seeds, named garnet. Garnet belongs to the nesosilicate mineral; differences in physical properties with composition it also changes; usually, the appearance of garnet crystal particles; a variety of colors, almost all colors, including red, purple, red, orange, red, rose red, brown red, orange, brown, dark red, pink, red brown; yellow orange yellow, etc.; green and blue and purple and black, brown and colorless, the most scarce is the century on 90s found that the blue color in the garnet; some, under different conditions, sometimes changes, such as some in the sunshine during the day under the blue and green, in incandescent light, it is purple, this is because the sake of vanadium garnet; other garnet color not enumerated, sometimes, people put these garnet Mistaken alexandrite. Garnet shiny glass; rock ore with corner cracks, conchoidal fracture, sharp edges, glass or resin luster; Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7.5, the proportion of 3.1 - 4.3 degrees Celsius; melting point 1170-1315; usually with intact crystal, such as diamond twelve face body, four horns and 38 face body, or cubic crystal;

Natural garnet can be divided into primary and secondary deposit deposits in two categories: primary ore is divided into eclogite, gneiss and Pian Yan type, volcano rock type, pegmatite type  and contact metasomatic skarn type; abundant in gneiss etamorphic rocks and metamorphic limestone crystal metamorphosed crystalline limestone; secondary deposit placer is garnet (alluvial garnet), according to the output of the residual slope location can be divided into weathering product of placer, lacustrine placer and coastal placer three types, in many parts of the world are on deposit heavy sand and gravel; generally speaking, garnet deposit are widely distributed, but has the commercial value of mineral exploitation have been rarely found;At present, the main types of garnet trading in international trade are iron aluminum garnet and calcium iron garnet. These two kinds of garnet stone are hard and heavy and are widely used in industry. Use: the use of garnet garnet in the bronze age, mainly used as a gemstone and abrasive, so according to the use of garnet and gem garnet, garnet and industrial grade, this paper talks about the industrial grade garnet; Garnet strong chemical inertness, high melting point, good toughness, insoluble in water, only 1% of the solubility of acid, basic free silicon, with anti impact performance of higher physical; and high hardness, edge sharpness, grinding force and specific gravity, plus its recycled ability, make it to many industry department, is a multi-purpose ideal material; cutting from as filtration media to spray, sand blasting grinding etc., can be used at present garnet; have used in many important industries, such as the optical industry, electronic industry, mechanical industry, instrumentation, printing industry, building materials, mining and other departments;

As the grinding grade garnet, can be divided into two types: water level and blasting; mining or collection of garnet will shatter into small particles; more than 60 usually used for sandblasting; 20 to 60 mesh garnet for water jet cutting; the other is less than 20, used for polishing glass and lapping; in short, larger particles for rapid processing the process, while smaller particles of garnet used for fine dressing; Sandblasting abrasive media: there are three major purposes: one is the stage for garnet sand blasting sandblasting, sandblasting decontamination, grinding materials such as steel, shipbuilding and metal surface for the preparation of large complete sets of equipment manufacturing, ship maintenance etc.; The two is manufacturing sand, sintering and coating bonded abrasive abrasive, such as sandpaper, emery cloth and grinding wheel, grinding paste, used for processing wood and leather: in resin abrasive, can be used as a substitute for silicon carbide, garnet Zong Gangyu filler, because there is no free silica, garnet is environment-friendly garnet sand materials; also can be made into consolidation wheel. Used to grinding lenses and lenses; garnet of wood, glass, ceramics, leather, stone processing, can get good results. The three is used as a polishing material: high grade garnet powder can be used for polishing optical instruments, optical glass, television picture tubes, LCD fluorescent screen, CRT, lens, glasses, lenses, frosted glass, glass craft bottles, as well as silicon, monocrystalline silicon, germanium, lithium and other electronic and semiconductor materials in mechanical instrument industry; in polishing parts, tools, cutting tools and measuring tools; in printing industry, used for grinding metal plate; it is in the grinding and polishing materials, little abrasion and scratch.

In the construction industry, for advanced grinding ground, glass and ceramic products; processing of natural and artificial stone manufacturing; high iron cement; rice processing sand, paint filling material etc.; In the mining and metallurgy department, used for grinding metallographic samples; In the jewelry industry, garnet is used to process and polish precious stones; Due to the abrasive jet market, extensive use of silica sand, slag and coal tar and other materials, can not overcome the shortcomings caused by dust, serious pollution of the environment; and garnet, basically no these disadvantages, and a stable supply of material, suitable for cleaning, abrasive blasting materials, has been partially replace silica sand, may be completely replaced the future; Water jet cutting: due to its sharp edge, cutting speed, size stability, durable advantages, widely used good results; garnet, garnet slurry through the high pressure nozzle, rely on high pressure water for water jet cutting, used for cutting oil (gas) pipeline, steel, aluminum, glass, plastic and so on; this cutting method is accurate clean and safe environmental protection, no spark, cutting speed, size stability, durable, widely used in aerospace and defense large ships etc.. Filter medium: Garnet is used as a filter medium for heavy water. It is used for purifying and filtering industrial waste water and domestic drinking water, especially for pure water. It is used for purifying swimming pool water and so on; Transportation: no free SiO2 using the characteristics of weathering resistance and friction, low grade garnet particles can be used to build the airport runway and slip speed pavement; manufacture of high iron cement, processed into rice, color sand etc.; Instrument industry: well crystallized garnet can be used as instrument bearing; Petrochemical Industry: because of the high density of garnet, it can be used as drilling mud weighting agent, as well as its chemical inertness and toughness. It is used as filler for rubber, plastic and paint; Modern science and technology: used in the synthesis of yttrium garnet to produce laser materials; synthesis of gallium gadolinium garnet, used to make computer storage components. Since garnet is mainly used for grinding materials, the particle size and structural stress of garnet, especially structural stress, are very important, and it can determine the number of dust produced, the ability to recover and its combined cost.