After nearly 30 years of development, belt grinding has now become a relatively complete and self-contained new processing technology. Because of its high processing efficiency, wide application range, strong adaptability, low use cost, safe and convenient operation, it is prefered by users. Abroad, abrasive belt grinding technology has made great progress, and its processing objects and application fields are becoming more and more extensive. It can process almost all engineering materials, from general daily appliances to large aerospace appliances, and has been become an important means to obtain significant economic benefits. As a processing technology, it has received increasing attention and rapid development because it has the following important characteristics:
Grinding performance

Abrasive belt grinding is a kind of elastic grinding, which is a compound processing technology with multiple functions of grinding, grinding and polishing.

Abrasive grains of abrasive belt

The abrasive grains on the abrasive belt have stronger cutting ability than the abrasive grains of the grinding wheel, so the grinding efficiency is very high. The high efficiency of abrasive belt grinding is reflected in its high removal rate, grinding ratio (the ratio of the weight of the removed workpiece to the weight of abrasive wear) and the power utilization of the machine tool. At present, the removal rate of steel with abrasive belt grinding has reached 700mm3/mm•s, which even exceeds that of turning or milling. The grinding ratio of the belt greatly exceeds that of the grinding wheel, as high as 300:1, or even 400:1, while the grinding wheel is only 30:1. The power utilization rate of belt grinding machines has reached 80% in the early development of belt grinding, which is ahead of other machine tools, but now it is as high as 96%. In contrast, grinding wheel grinders have only 52%, milling machines 57%, and lathes 65 %, so belt grinding is still a good energy-saving processing technology.

Cold grinding

The abrasive belt has high surface quality for grinding workpieces. In addition to its multiple functions of grinding, grinding and polishing, it is also because: Compared with grinding wheel grinding, belt grinding is called "cold grinding", that is, the grinding temperature is low and the surface of the workpiece is not easy to appear Phenomenon such as burns.

Grinding Vibration

Abrasive belt grinding system has low vibration and good stability. Due to the light weight of the abrasive belt itself, the balance of the grinding process structure system is easy to control. All the rotating parts (such as contact wheels, driving wheels, tension wheels, etc.) wear very little, and there will be no dynamic imbalance like the grinding wheel. factor.

In addition, the elastic grinding effect of the abrasive belt can greatly reduce or absorb the vibration and impact generated during grinding. The grinding speed is stable, and the belt drive wheel will not be like a grinding wheel. The smaller the diameter, the slower the speed.

Roughness

The high surface quality of abrasive belt grinding workpieces is mainly manifested in the small surface roughness value, good residual stress state, and no micro-cracks or metallographic changes on the surface. From the perspective of surface roughness, abrasive belt grinding can reach Ra0.01mm at present, achieving the effect of mirror grinding, and it is very easy to achieve when the roughness value is above Ra0.1mm. The residual stress on the surface of abrasive belt grinding workpiece is mostly in the state of compressive stress, and its value is generally -60~-5Kg/mm2, while the grinding wheel grinding is mostly tensile stress, so abrasive belt grinding is very helpful to strengthen the surface of the workpiece and improve the workpiece Fatigue strength.

Grinding Accuracy

Abrasive belt grinding precision is high. Due to the improvement in the quality of belt production and the production level of belt grinders, belt grinding has already entered the ranks of precision and ultra-precision machining, with the highest precision reaching below 0.1mm.

Grinding Cost

Abrasive belt grinding cost is low. This is mainly manifested in:

The abrasive belt grinding equipment is simple. Compared with the grinding wheel grinder, the belt grinder is much simpler. This is mainly because the weight of the belt is light, the grinding force is small, the vibration during the grinding process is small, and the rigidity and strength requirements of the machine tool are far lower than the grinding wheel grinder.

Abrasive belt grinding is easy to operate and has less auxiliary time. Whether it is manual or motorized belt grinding, the operation is very simple. From changing and adjusting the abrasive belt to clamping the workpiece to be processed, all this can be completed in a short time.

The belt grinding ratio is large, the machine tool power utilization is high, and the cutting efficiency is high. This reduces the cost of tools and energy for cutting materials of the same weight or volume, and takes a short time.
Grinding safety

Abrasive belt grinding is very safe, with low noise and dust, easy to control, and good environmental benefits.

Because the abrasive belt itself is very light, there is no danger of injury even if it breaks. Abrasive belt grinding is not as serious as the sand removal of the grinding wheel, especially during dry grinding, the grinding debris is mainly the material of the workpiece to be processed, and it is easy to recover and control dust. Due to the rubber contact wheel, the abrasive belt grinding will not form a rigid impact on the workpiece like a grinding wheel, so the processing noise is very small, usually <70dB. It can be seen that abrasive belt grinding is also very worthy of promotion from an environmental protection point of view.

Abrasive belt grinding process is flexible and adaptable. This is manifested in:

Abrasive belt grinding can be conveniently used for the grinding of flat surfaces, inner and outer circles and complex curved surfaces. Designing an abrasive belt grinding head device as a functional part can be installed on a lathe for post-turning grinding, can also be installed on a planer, and can also be designed as a variety of special grinding machines. Using this feature of belt grinding can easily solve some difficult-to-machine parts, such as precision machining of super long and super large shafts and plane parts.

For the same kind of workpiece, belt grinding can be processed by various grinding methods and process structures.

The application range of abrasive belt grinding is extremely wide. The superior grinding performance and flexible process characteristics of abrasive belt determine that it has an extremely wide range of applications. From daily life to industrial production in all walks of life, abrasive belt grinding covers almost all fields . Its diverse application forms and wide range are unmatched by any other processing method. Specifically in:

Abrasive belt grinding can grind almost all engineering materials. In addition to the materials that can be processed by the grinding wheel, it can also process non-ferrous metals such as copper and aluminum and non-metallic soft materials such as wood, leather, and plastic. Especially the "cold" grinding effect of belt grinding makes it more unique when processing heat-resistant and difficult-to-grind materials.

The base material, abrasive, and adhesive of the abrasive belt have a wide range of choices, which can meet the needs of various purposes. There are also various specifications for the grain size, length and width of the abrasive belt, and various forms such as roll and ring are available for selection.